text of program (characters)
v
A LEXICAL <- names -> D
N words = (syntactic, semantic) I
A v C
L SYNTACTIC T
Y assemble words into sentences I
S v O
I SEMANTIC <- declarations -> N
S bind meanings to names A
v R
G GLOBAL OPTIMISATION Y
E look for large optimisations
N v
E CODE GENERATION <- addresses ->
R
A v
T PEEPHOLE OPTIMISATION
E look for small optimisations
v
run-time debugging