Composite Web Services Kung-Kiu Lau and Cuong Tran School of Computer Science, The University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom kung-kiu,ctran@cs.man.ac.uk Abstract: Currently, composition of web services is done by orchestration. An orchestration is a workflow that combines invocations of individual operations of the web services involved. It is therefore a composition of individual operations, rather than a composition of entire web services. In this paper we propose a different approach to web service composition, whereby entire services are composed into composite services. The latter are again entire web services, that is, they can be further composed using our composition, or they can be used in an orchestration. We show how these composite services can be constructed hierarchically and used in practice.