Teil I der Vorlesung "Multi-Agenten Systeme"

basierend auf dem Buch Multi-Agent Systems
Kapitel 0:Einfuehrung (Donnerstag, 2. November, 10ct)

Kapitel 1:Introduction and Terminology (Do/Fr, 9./10. November, 10ct/14ct)
We illustrate the difference between Multi-Agent Systems and classical distributed AI, give a first definition and introduce in the terminology.
1.1 General: Distributed AI I vs. Multi-Agentsystems.
1.2 Intelligent Agents: Intelligent interactive Agents, Definition of an Agent, Properties of the environment, reactive/proactive/social, Agent vs. Object-Orientation, PAGE-Description.
1.3 Mathematical Definitions: Abstract View of an agent: mathematical functions action: S* --> A, env: SxA --> Pot(S), hist, see: S --> P, next: IxP --> I.

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Kapitel 2:Fundamental Architectures: (Do/Do, 16./23. November, 10ct/10ct)
We illustrate the four main agent architectures.
2.1 Reactive Agents: Formal Model, Behaviour, Inhibition Relation, Complexity, Pro/Contra, Example: Polar Lander, Cooperative Programming,
2.2 BDI-Agents: Sture vs Unsichere Agenten (Factor gamma), BDI-Structure
2.3 Layered Architectures: Fig. 2.1 [Fig. 1.6 on p. 62], Touring Machine Fig. 2.2 [Fig. 1.7 on p. 63], Autonomous Vehicle, Planning/Modelling/Control Layers, Interrap: Fig. 2.3 [Fig. 1.8 on p. 65]
2.4 Logic-based Architectures: Symbolic AI, Agent as Theorem Prover, Database as internal state,
2.4.1 Wumpus World in AL
2.4.2 Wumpus World in PL1: Situation-calculus, result-terms, fluents, memory-predicate At(,,,), Qualification-Problem, nonmonotonic logics, Frame-Problem, Successor-State Axioms: Automatic Generation and Reduction of their number: #A + #F instead of #A x #F.

Kapitel 3:Distributed Decision Making ( Fr/Do/Do, 24./30. Nov/7. Dez, 14ct/10ct/10ct)
We consider the most important techniques for decision making: Voting, auctions and Bargaining.
3.1 Evaluation Criteria: Social welfare, Pareto Efficiency, Individuel Rational, Stability: Nash Equilibrium.
3.2 Voting: Arrows Theorem, Ways out, Binary Protocol: Fig. 3.1 [Fig 5.1 on p. 206], Borda Protocol: Fig. 3.2 [Table 5.2 on p. 206].
3.3 Auctions: (4 Typen (first price open cry--second price sealed bid), private/common/correlated value, Dominant Strategies, Profit for the Auktioneer, Non optimal allocations, Lying and Counterspeculation at Vickrey, Lookahead).
3.4 Bargaining: axiomatic/strategic, Discountfactor: Table 3.1 [Table 5.4 on p. 222], Table 3.2 [Table 5.5 on p. 222], bargaining costs.

Kapitel 4:Contract Nets and Coalition Formation (Fr/Do, 8./14. Dez, 14ct/10ct)
Wir introduce two of the most important principles developed for Agent systems: Contract Nets (how to determine which contracts should be taken) and Coalition Formation (how to determine if and with whom agents should work together).
4.1 Contract-Nets: Tasc-Allocations Model, IR-Contract, Decision making: MC_add, MC_remove, Gradient-Descent, Maximizing social welfare, anytime Algorithm. 4 Types of Nets: O, C, S, M. Problem with local Maxima. OCSM-Contracts: Gradient-Descent without Backtracking.
4.2 Coalition Formation: Nash vs Strong Nash,
4.2.1. Coalition Formation for CFG's: Def. CFG, Super additive Games, Search through the CS-Graph: Fig. 4.1 [Fig. 5.3 on p. 244] , Approximations, Last two Layers: CS-Search 1: Fig. 4.2 [Fig. 5.4 on p. 246] Improving the bound by breadth-first search from the top,
3.2.2. Paralellization of the search:,
4.2.3. Payoff Division: 3 Axioms, Shapley-Value)