NOTE: This document is also available at http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~horrocks/Teaching/cs646/Labs/dlreasoning/.
As well as the rather verbose RDF/XML syntax, OWL also has a ``human readable'' syntax which is (rather oddly) called the abstract syntax. The abstract syntax corresponds very closely to the ontology structure presented by Protégé, i.e., Class and Property ``definition'' axioms, plus axioms to capture additional information such as disjointness and other background facts not represented in the ``definitions''. A complete specification of the abstract syntax can be found at http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-semantics/syntax.html; some examples of the abstract syntax and equivalent RDF/XML syntax can be found at http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-semantics/examples.html#B.1.
Consider the following small ontology written in OWL abstract syntax:
Class(Animal partial) |
Class(Plant partial) |
DisjointClasses(Animal Plant) |
ObjectProperty(eats domain(Animal)) |
Class(Herbivore complete super(restriction(eats allValuesFrom(Plant)))) |
Class(Carnivore complete super(restriction(eats allValuesFrom(Animal)))) |
Class(CarnivorousPlant complete super(Plant) super(Carnivore)) |
The first axiom, i.e., Class(Animal partial), can be translated into an equivalent DL axiom and into equivalent FOL as follows:
Consider the following small Knowledge Base (ontology)
,
where
consists of the following set of axioms:
Person | ![]() |
![]() |
|
Man | ![]() |
Person | |
Woman | ![]() |
Person![]() |
|
Parent | ![]() |
Person![]() |
|
Father | ![]() |
Man![]() |
|
Mother | ![]() |
Woman![]() |
|
TwoChildFather | ![]() |
Father![]() |
|
HappyFather | ![]() |
Father![]() |
|
TiredParent | ![]() |
Parent![]() |
|
hasChild | ![]() |
hasDescendant | |
hasDescendant![]() |
![]() |
hasDescendant | |
hasAncestor | ![]() |
hasDescendant![]() |
|
John | ![]() |
Man | |
Mary | ![]() |
Woman | |
![]() ![]() ![]() |
![]() |
hasChild |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
|
John![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
|
Mary![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
|
Person![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
|
Man![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
|
hasChild![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Woman![]() |
![]() |
||
Parent![]() |
![]() |
||
Father![]() |
![]() |
||
Mother![]() |
![]() |
||
TwoChildFather![]() |
![]() |
||
HappyFather![]() |
![]() |
||
TiredParent![]() |
![]() |
||
hasDescendant![]() |
![]() |
||
hasAncestor![]() |
![]() |
Load the People and Pets ontology (http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~horrocks/Teaching/cs646/Labs/PeopleAndPets.owl) into Protégé. Work through the examples in the Reasoning with OWL lecture notes (http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~horrocks/Teaching/cs646/Slides/why.ppt), checking the various inferences using Protégé and making sure you understand why the inferences are being drawn.
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翻訳は Ian Horrocks によって 平成16年11月19日 に実行されました。